1948

A real or perceived protective relationship with illegal gambling operators got Nevada Police Superintendent Lester C. Moody fired.

Governor Vail Pittman, who’d appointed Moody to the position two years before, terminated him in May 1948. The Nevada Tax Commission, charged with regulating gambling, supported Pittman’s action.

The governor had lost confidence in Moody’s operation of the police force and was distressed by his inability to obtain evidence supporting the arrest and prosecution of the various illegal roadside zoo owners. At the time, these shady gambling places were operating in Nye, Eureka and Clark counties.

“Moody was called into the governor’s office time and time again and was impressed with the vital necessity of investigating and closing places which were a disgrace to the good name of the state of Nevada and caused considerable adverse publicity,” Pittman said (Nevada State Journal, June 10, 1948).

He’d heard rumors that Moody was reluctant to get the Emigrant Pass roadside zoo in Eureka County shut down specifically because Moody was close friends with the owners.

Pittman added, “Immediately before Mr. Moody’s dismissal there came into my possession evidence that incontrovertibly established such intimacy” — a personal letter from Les Moody to Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Dennison (Nevada State Journal, June 10, 1948).

Vehement But Futile Objections

The police superintendent didn’t go quietly. He claimed the real reason for his getting fired was Pittman succumbing to political pressure. Further, he argued it wasn’t his fault the roadside zoos didn’t get closed down, but, rather, the county officials who wouldn’t cooperate with him were to blame.

“If I hear of one more charge or allegation from anyone linking me with gambling conspiracy in this state, I will sue for libel,” Moody wrote in a statement (Nevada State Journal, May 22, 1948).

Pittman refuted Moody’s charge.

“My action in discharging Mr. Moody was based solely on his undue intimacy with men he had been charged with investigating and arresting,” he reiterated (Nevada State Journal,” June 10, 1948).

After an extensive investigation, Attorney General Alan Bible sided with Pittman. Then in September, a grand jury in Eureka County, where Dennison’s zoo was located, also found that Moody’s firing was justified.

“Either through inefficiency, lack of initiative, shifting of responsibility or some other motive, Lester Moody, former superintendent of state police, was culpable for continued existence of the Emigrant Pass establishment,” members noted (Nevada State Journal, Sept. 19, 1948).

The jury, however, also found the county sheriff, Stanley Fine, responsible for continued operation of Emigrant Pass gambling in his jurisdiction, as he repeatedly voted for granting the owner gaming licenses.

“He condoned an offense that called for immediate action — closing the establishment for illegal operation,” they added.

Moody countered, insisting that some grand jury members ruled the way they did because they disliked Moody and were Dennison’s competitors.

Sources

Photo from pond5.com: “Chess and job concept” by Alex Skopje

1940s

A spate of “roadside zoos” opened along various Nevada highways, typically in rural areas, during the late 1940s.

The owners were hustlers who lured unsuspecting tourists onto their grounds with the promise of seeing exotic birds, reptiles and/or wild animals then swindled them out of money via games of chance.

The ruse often involved the three-dice game chuck-a-luck or a variation thereof. Although uncommon in casinos, chuck-a-luck was legal, but “thieving and cheating games” weren’t (Nevada State Journal, April 1, 1945).

Chuck-a-luck’s odds greatly disfavored the players who, on average, lost more than they won — and that was with legitimate dice.

“A shill, posing as another tourist, usually draws the victim into the game which involves eight dice, a “contract” supposed to govern the same, a fast and not always accurate count of the dice by the operator, and a process by which the player loses all when he is no longer able to add to his stake,” explained the Reno Evening Gazette (May 23, 1947).

Numerous travelers complained to local officials about being fleeced at these places. The state governor, the attorney general and other officials despised these enterprises and wanted them eliminated as they stained Nevada’s reputation. The state legislature, in early 1947, passed a law prohibiting these fronts for games that victims couldn’t win, thinking that would eliminate them. However, Nevada police superintendent, Lester C. Moody, didn’t seem to be getting it done from a law enforcement standpoint.

They’re Baaaack. . .

But it didn’t; a minor alteration allowed the racket to continue. Owners simply switched their bait from animals to a museum, which was legal, and continued bilking visitors out of their cash. One such operator was Robert Lee Thomas, who ran such an establishment in Rhyolite off of Highway 95.

“Nevada, noted for its fair play, strong men and decisive action, is lying down while racketeers, most of them of unknown reputation, move in and take a haul of thousands of dollars a day from unsuspecting tourists,” wrote Paul F. Gardner (Nevada State Journal, June 1, 1947).

Victims kept complaining to city and state authorities. The allegations included:

• The racketeers told them they couldn’t stop playing and take their winnings but, instead, had to double up and keep on.

• When they’d protested, menacing men “roughly and threateningly” ejected them from the property (Nevada State Journal, June 1, 1947).

• When they’d said they intended to report them to the attorney general, the con artists warned them via veiled threats to keep quiet.

Mr. and Mrs. Fowler of Los Angeles, California, claimed they’d been taken for $15,500 in traveler’s checks (a $164,500 value today) at Ernest Dennison’s Emigrant Pass establishment on Highway 40 (Interstate 80 today). When the couple entered the place, they were cajoled, on the pretext it was legitimate, into playing Badger the Old Cowboy, a form of chuck-a-luck. In the game, the player throws eight dice hoping to make a high or low total score with them. 

A Palo Alto, California, man asserted he’d lost $60 while participating in a chuck-a-luck game at the Nevada Trading Post on Highway 40; Mr. and Mrs. Hill, Alameda, California, residents, lost $100 in a similar way.

Some victims found themselves without money to return home and wound up stranded.

Stricter policing — revoking the owner’s licenses or arresting those operating illegally — eventually eradicated these roadside con game joints for good.

Sources